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Nuclear lamina, its function in the cell and its role in interaction with non-enveloped DNA viruses
Pápež, Samuel ; Bruštíková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
The nuclear lamina is a protein network found in all metazoa. It is composed of intermediate filaments V, namely type A and type B lamins. It is a multifunctional cellular structure adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane, giving the nucleus its shape, ensuring its mechanical stability and participating in the regulation of many nuclear processes. The nuclear lamina also has a protective function manifested in the infection of cells with DNA viruses, whose life cycle takes place in the nucleoplasm. These include small non-enveloped DNA viruses. The nuclear lamina is an obstacle that viruses have had to learn to overcome in order to multiply. To do this, they use their own, but also cellular mechanisms, which disrupt the nuclear membrane together with the nuclear lamina and thus allow the virus nuclear entry and exit. This work summarizes the knowledge about changes in the nuclear lamina induced by viruses of the families Polyomaviridae, Parvoviridae and Circoviridae, on the way through the nuclear envelope. Keywords: Nuclear lamina, disassembly of nuclear lamina, DNA viruses, Polyomaviruses, Parvoviruses, Circoviruses
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Experimental model systems to study small DNA viral infection
Bučková, Alžbeta ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) are members of small tumour DNA viruses Polyomaviridae and Papillomaviridae, which represent increasing risk for humans resulting from their oncogenic potential. After the acquisition HPV 16 and MCPyV are able to persist for long term in a form of asymptomatic infection, while the aggressive disease is mostly being cleared by the host immune system. Integration of viral genome into the host DNA causes cell transformation resulting in rare but fatal skin carcinomas and epithelial lesions of anogenital tract, head and oropharynx, that may progress into malignant tumours. Their mechanisms of immune system evasion and complete life cycles are not fully understood to this day which highlights some of the reasons why continuing research in this field is of importance. The aim of this thesis is to review model systems used to study infection of MCPyV and HPV 16 in vitro and in vivo. Key words: Papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, virus-like particles, pseudoparticles, animal models, cell culture, human papillomavirus 16, Merkel cell polyomavirus, HPV 16, MCPyV
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